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NATOs Shame in
Afghanistan
Absent
Security, Elections are at Risk
NATO should immediately expand its
forces in Afghanistan to provide security for elections
scheduled there this fall, Human Rights Watch said
today. U.S. President George W. Bush and other top NATO
leaders will discuss Afghan security at the major NATO
summit that opens in Istanbul on June 28.
Human Rights Watch said that with
three months to go before what could be Afghanistans
first-ever democratic election, the country remains
plagued by insecurity and political repression and
urgently needs more NATO support to allow for
registration of voters and protection of vulnerable
political actors and voting sites.
If the elections dont take place because of
insecurity, or if they are conducted but are not free
and fair, the blame will rest squarely on the heads of
the U.S. and its NATO allies, said Sam Zarifi, Deputy
Director for the Asia Division of Human Rights Watch.
Contrary to what was promised to the Afghan people,
NATOs foot-dragging has contributed to a worsening
security situation and major shortcomings with
reconstruction.
Human Rights Watch said that journalists and independent
candidates in the upcoming Afghan elections face serious
threats from local warlords who control much of
Afghanistan. In most provinces outside of Kabul, local
military strongmen control the security forces and use
them to maintain political power. Human Rights Watch has
issued numerous reports in the last two years about
political repression by military strongmen across
Afghanistan.
NATO officially took over the International Security
Assistance Force (ISAF) in August 2003, the
organizations first mission outside the
European/Atlantic area. Before that, individual NATO
members had provided troops for ISAF, beginning with the
United Kingdom, and followed by Turkey and a joint
German/Dutch mission.
Recent experience in Afghanistan shows that the
warlords will take power when there is a security
vacuum, said Zarifi. For the elections scheduled later
this year to come off, NATO will need both to provide
additional security for vulnerable candidates and voting
sites, and to help to disarm militias.
NATO currently has only some 6,500 troops in
Afghanistan, compared with the 40,000 strong force that
provided security in Kosovo, a region a tenth of the
size of Afghanistan. Of NATOs small contingent in
Afghanistan, 6,200 are limited to the confines of the
city of Kabul, with a significant portion dedicated to
protecting European embassies. Some 200 German troops
are stationed in the northern provincial city of Kunduz,
generally considered one of the safest areas in the
country, although eleven Chinese construction workers
were recently murdered there by Taliban sympathizers.
At this point, the outcome of Afghanistans elections
and NATOs credibility are totally intertwined, said
Zarifi. But so far NATO countries have done little to
establish credibility in Afghanistan.
Human Rights Watch pointed out that the Istanbul Summit
gives NATO the opportunity to remedy several commitments
it has failed to keep in Afghanistan:
NATO should provide the security necessary to create
an atmosphere conducive to free and fair elections.
Despite estimates by the U.N. and the Afghan government
that they will need at least an additional 5,000 NATO
troops to provide security for the elections, NATO
countries have not yet committed extra troops. Canada,
which has fielded one of the largest troop contingents
in Afghanistan, is pulling out about half of its 1,900
troops from Afghanistan in August, weeks before the
scheduled elections. Canadian Foreign Affairs sources
told Human Rights Watch in mid-June 2004 that NATO had
not asked Canada to maintain its troop strength in
Afghanistan.
NATO should assist the Afghan government to provide
general security around the country, pursuant to U.N.
Security Council Resolution 1510. Except for the small
contingent now placed in Kunduz, NATO has utterly failed
in this regard. As recently as the end of April, NATO
had promised to assume responsibility for five
additional provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs, small
missions with a combined military and reconstruction
mandate) by the Istanbul Summit. As of this writing,
this has not occurred. Requests by NATO commanders in
Kabul for basic logistical support necessary for
expanding and protecting troops outside Kabul,
specifically, ten helicopters and one C-130 transport
airplane, have not yet been fully met by NATO countries.
NATO should assist and accelerate the process of
disarmament of militias. Afghan warlords still command
tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of armed men, as
well as heavy weaponry, artillery, missiles, and armored
vehicles. Even in Kabul, where ISAF has been operating
for over two years, less than half of these forces have
been decommissioned. Outside of Kabul, disarmament has
proceeded at an even more anemic pace.
On June 23, NATO officials in Brussels said publicly
that NATO would deploy in coming weeks in several
northern provinces in Afghanistan, but no specifics were
given on troop levels or areas of deployment.
Human Rights Watch noted that over fifty humanitarian
and human rights organizations working in Afghanistan
called on NATO members last week to increase their troop
commitments to ISAF. (The text of the letter can be
found
here.)
On June 21, Jean Arnault, the head of the United Nations
Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), which is
helping to organize the Afghan elections, also called on
NATO to increase its support to ISAF.
Human Rights Watch emphasized that Afghanistans
security problems, although overshadowed by events in
Iraq, were still extremely severe and that international
actors need to respond quickly to improve the situation.
The Istanbul summit is NATOs last real chance to show
that it takes its responsibility toward the people of
Afghanistan seriously, said Zarifi.
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